Conveniently Upset: Avoiding Altruism by Distorting Beliefs about Others' Altruism
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Altruism
What is altruism? Altruism is a type of social behaviour. From an evolutionary point of view, a behaviour is social if it has consequences for both the actor and another individual — the recipient. Social behaviours can be categorized according to whether their consequences for the actor and recipient are beneficial, increasing fitness, or costly, decreasing fitness (Figure 1). Altruism is when...
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Altruistic actions are generally seen as 'noble'. Yet some 'lowly' organisms are apt to match the most heroic human acts of devotion and self-sacrifice. To use a widely-quoted example, consider Dicrocoelium dendriticum, also known as brainworm. These parasites spend some of their stages in the innards of cows, exit in the feces and, in the form of cercaria, are eaten by ants a few stages later....
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If the bene ciary of an altruist's gift can be expected to use this gift e ciently, then a pure altruist (one who cares about the bene ciary's utility level, but not how utility is obtained) should only give gifts of money. This is often interpreted to mean that any other type of gift is evidence of paternal altruism. However, it is known (Linbeck and Weibull (1988)) that altruism creates an in...
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1. Philosophical Background People sometimes behave in ways that benefit others, and they sometimes do this while knowing that their helpful behavior will be costly, unpleasant, or dangerous. But at least since Plato’s classic discussion in the second book of the Republic, debate has raged over why people behave in these ways. Are their motives altruistic, or is their behavior ultimately motiva...
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According to evolutionary psychologists, human pro-social behaviour is regulated by evolutionarily developed psychological mechanisms whose role is to solve adaptive problems. The same reasoning can be applied to social discounting, i.e. subjective devaluation of a reward which must be shared with one or more people. Based on reciprocal altruism and inclusive fitness theories, hypotheses were f...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: American Economic Review
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0002-8282
DOI: 10.1257/aer.20141409